Expression Pattern of Neuroendocrine Cells and Survivin in the Prostate of Rabbits / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The neuroendocrine cell (NE cell) is thought to play an important role in the development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Survivin is one of the IAPs (inhibitors of apoptosis), and it is expressed in the NE cell and in most of the common cancers, but not in normal tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of the NE cell and survivin in the prostate of rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 9 rabbits underwent orchiectomy and their prostates were removed at 0 weeks (control), 2 weeks and 6 weeks after orchiectomy. Each of the prostatic tissue specimens was stained with H&E; immunohistochemical staining was done for chromogranin A, synaptophysin and survivin, and the tissue specimens were then examined by microscopy. RESULTS: In the prostate of rabbits, most of the NE cells were located between the epithelial gland and the stroma. NE differentiation occurred 6 weeks after orchiectomy. The location of cells that were positive for survivin was almost same as that of the NE cells. CONCLUSIONS: The main location of NE cells in the prostate of rabbits was between the epithelial gland and the stroma, and NE differentiation occurred 6 weeks after orchiectomy, the same as in a human or a dog. The location of survivin positive cells coincided with that of the NE cells. Therefore, a rabbit seems to be a suitable animal model for the study of the NE cell.

Tumores neuro-endocrinos del intestino / Neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine

Los tumores carcinoides son neoplasias poco frecuentes en el tubo digetivo y que se desarrollan a partir de las células que forman el sistema APUD o neuroendocrinas. El objetivo es analizar la nueva nomenclatura, la incidencia en el aparato digetivo, la presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento quirúrgico

Expression of Neuroendocrine Cells in the Prostate of Rat and Guinea Pig after Orchiectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine cells, also referred to as amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells, in the prostate gland are serotonin and peptide containing cells, which are thought to play an important role in the regulation of growth, cellular differentiation and homeostasis. The expressions of neuroendocrine cells in the prostate differ between species and pathological conditions of the prostate. Androgen is believed to be a major effective material toward the prostate, its role in neuroendocrine cells is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of blockade of androgen on neuroendocrine cells in the prostate of rats and guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats and guinea pigs underwent an orchiectomy, and their prostate glands removed at 0 (control), 2 (2-week group) and 6 (6-week group) weeks after the orchiectomy. Each prostate tissue was examined both microscopically and with immunohistochemistry using synaptophysin, chromogranin A and serotonin. RESULTS: In the rat prostate glands, fewer neuroendocrine cells were stained with chromogranin A compared to the other two monoclonal antibodies. Although some atrophy of the glandular structure was presented grossly and microscopically in the castration groups, there was no difference in the chromogranin A immunoreactivity between the control, 2-week and 6-week groups. In the guinea pig prostate glands, few neuroendocrine cells were stained with either synaptophysin or serotonin. Glandular atrophy presented in the castration groups. There was no difference between the control, 2-week and 6-week groups in the immunoreactivities of the synaptophysin and serotonin monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The immunoreactivities of the neuroendocrine cells of rats and guinea pigs were different from those in humans and from each other. Neuroendocrine cells in the prostate of rats and guinea pigs exist only in small numbers, and seem to be independent of androgen.

Expression of Neuroendocrine Cells in the Prostate of Rat and Guinea Pig after Orchiectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine cells, also referred to as amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) cells, in the prostate gland are serotonin and peptide containing cells, which are thought to play an important role in the regulation of growth, cellular differentiation and homeostasis. The expressions of neuroendocrine cells in the prostate differ between species and pathological conditions of the prostate. Androgen is believed to be a major effective material toward the prostate, its role in neuroendocrine cells is uncertain. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of blockade of androgen on neuroendocrine cells in the prostate of rats and guinea pigs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rats and guinea pigs underwent an orchiectomy, and their prostate glands removed at 0 (control), 2 (2-week group) and 6 (6-week group) weeks after the orchiectomy. Each prostate tissue was examined both microscopically and with immunohistochemistry using synaptophysin, chromogranin A and serotonin. RESULTS: In the rat prostate glands, fewer neuroendocrine cells were stained with chromogranin A compared to the other two monoclonal antibodies. Although some atrophy of the glandular structure was presented grossly and microscopically in the castration groups, there was no difference in the chromogranin A immunoreactivity between the control, 2-week and 6-week groups. In the guinea pig prostate glands, few neuroendocrine cells were stained with either synaptophysin or serotonin. Glandular atrophy presented in the castration groups. There was no difference between the control, 2-week and 6-week groups in the immunoreactivities of the synaptophysin and serotonin monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The immunoreactivities of the neuroendocrine cells of rats and guinea pigs were different from those in humans and from each other. Neuroendocrine cells in the prostate of rats and guinea pigs exist only in small numbers, and seem to be independent of androgen.

El sistema APUD en la oftalmología IV. tumor del sistema nervioso periférico / APUD system in ophthalmology IV. pheripheral nervous system tumors

Los tumores del sistema periférico en oftalmología son poco frecuentes y algunos excepcionales. Los derivados de las simpaticogonias o neuroblastos constituyen el espectro de los neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastomas y ganglioneuromas; los derivados de los troncos nerviosos son los neurofibromas, schwannomas y neuromas. Los paragangliomas y quimiodectomas son excepcionales y el tumor de tritón es una verdadera rareza. Algunas de estas neoplasias se encuentran formando parte de síndromes complejos con clara connotación heredofamiliar. Se realiza una revisión clinicopatológica cuidadosa de estas entidades.

El sistema APUD en la oftalmología III: tumores de la cresta neural. Derivados del sistema pigmentario (melanogénico). Nevi, melanomas uveales, melanocitomas, prognoma melanótico e hiperplasias (melanosis) / APUD system in ophthalmology: III Neural crest tumors. pigmentary system derives (melanogenic=. Nevi, uveal melanoma, melanocytoma, melanotic prognoma, hyperplasia (melanosis)

Los nevi de la úvea son frecuentes (2 por ciento de la población general), pueden localizarse en el iris, cuerpo ciliar o coroides. Los nevi de más fácil diagnóstico son los del iris, que pueden ser únicos o múltiples y en ocasiones originan alteraciones en el aparato de filtración dando como resultado glaucoma (síndrome del nevo del iris). Los del cuerpo ciliar pasan inadvertidos en la mayoría de los casos. Los localizados en la coroides son lesiones frecuentes y se descubren accidentalmente en la fundoscopia. Los melanomas son la forma maligna, los más frecuentes son los de coroides y les siguen los del cuerpo ciliar e iris. El pronóstico depende de muchos factores y el tratamiento es controversial. Los melanocitomas son lesiones benignas aunque ocasionalmente pueden desarrollar cambios a melanoma. Se les localiza en papila y en cuerpo ciliar. El prognoma melanótico es una lesión muy rara propia de la infancia. La hiperplasia de células névicas (melanosis) puede ser congénita o adquirida, primaria y secundaria, las adquiridas y primarias son las que representan mayor riesgo que representan mayor riesgo de epicarcinogénesis.

Pheochromocytoma with pancreatic islet cell tumor: a case report / 한국간담췌외과학회지

A 17-years old woman with a combination of unilateral pheochromocytoma and an asymptomatic islet cell tumor of the pancreas is presented. The unusual coincidence of pheochromocytoma and pancreatic islet cell tumor in the patient is of interest as a possible crossover between MEN I and MEN II. It has been suggested that MEN I represents an abnormality of the APUD(amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation) cells of ectodermal origin. However, the possibility of a common progenitor cell in the neural crest for all APUD cells has been suggested by Pearse and Polak(1971). Recent clinical reports suggest that overlap between the two syndroms may occur. The overlapping of elements of the classical endocrine neoplasia should alert clinicians to the possibility of such associations in any particular patients. Since islet cell tumors may occur in association with pheochromocytomas and may be clinically silent, exploration of the pancreas during surgery for pheochromocytomas would seem to be useful.

El sistema APUD en la oftalmología: II. tumores de la cresta neural. Derivados del sistema pigmentario (melanogénico): nevi y melanomas palpebrales y conjuntivales / APUD System in opthalmology: II. neural crest tumors: Pygmentary system derives (melanogenic): nevi and palpebral and conjunctival melanomas

Los tumores de la cresta neural en la oftalmología inclyen entre otros, los derivados del sistema melanogénico de los que sobresalen los siguientes: Nevi de la piel y de la conjuntiva que se clasifican según su localización en superficiales y profundos; dentro de los primeros están los de unión, intradérmico (subepiteliales), mixtos y como profundos los nevi azul fusocelular y celular. Las formas malignas corresponden a los melanomas cutáneos y conjuntivales. Estas neoplasias son tumores de comportamiento biológico muy variable y morfología compleja, el diangnóstico clínico presuntivo es difícil en algunas variedades histológicas. El tratamiento depende de las variantes clínicas y/o histológicas. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una revisión actual de estos neurolofomas

Células endócrinas gastrointestinais: breve histórico e principais métodos de identificaçäo à microscopia óptica / Gastrointestinal endocrine cells: brief history and main identification methods under light microscopy

O trato gastrointestinal apresenta um amplo espectro de células endócrinas distribuídas difusamente ao longo da mucosa, intercaladas com as células exócrinas. Essas células compartilham diversas características como a capacidade de produzir vários peptídios. Apesar do grande desenvolvimento da endocrinologia digestiva, especialmente na última década e no que tange ao conhecimento bioquímica e localizaçao celular dos peptídios reguladores gastrointestinais, seu significado funcional e papel na fisiopatologia digestiva permanecem em parte desconhecidos. É apresentado um resumo das principais informaçoes sobre características morfológicas, histoquímicas, origem embriológica, dados históricos e métodos de identificaçao das células endócrinas do trato gastrointestinal.

Carcinoma de células de Merkel / Merkel cell carcinoma

El carcinoma de células de Merkel es un tumor maligno de la piel poco frecuente, descrito en los últimos años como una nueva entidad. Probablemente se origina en las células de Merkel, únicas células de la piel con gránulos neuroendócrinos citoplasmáticos. Afecta predominantemente a mujeres añosas y su localización más frecuente es en zonas expuestas. Puede manifestarse clínicamente como un tumor solitario eritematoso; múltiples tumores en un área (remedando satelitosis de melanoma) o múltiples tumores generalizados (merkeliomatosis cutánea). Existen tres patrones histopatológicos, que en orden de frecuencia son sólido o nodular, difuso (tipo linfomatoso) y trabecular. La microscopía electrónica revela dos estructuras citoplasmáticas típicas: gránulos revestidos de membrana y espirales perinucleares de filamentos intermedios (cuerpos fibrosos). Pueden reconocerse tres grupos de marcadores inmunohistoquímicos:filamentos intermedios (citoqueratinas y neurofilamentos); neuropéptidos pan-neuroendócrinos (enolosa, cromogranina y sinaptofisina) y marcadores de diferenciación epitelial (citoqueratina, EMA y desmoplaquina). Pero la coexpresión de citoqueratinas y neurofilamentos es considerada como la de mayor valor diagnóstico. El diagnóstico se basa en la clínica, la histopatología e inmunohistoquímica, siendo la microscopía electrónica una técnica opcional. El tratamiento de elección es la cirugía con amplios márgenes a la que puede agregarse vaciamiento ganglionar. El tumor es radiosensible y responde a la quimioterapia

Neurocristopatías pigmentarias névicas / Nevic pigmentary neurocristopathies

Existen tres cuadros con patogenias comunes y manifestaciones clínicas similares: las neurofibromatosis, el síndrome de Albright y el síndrome del nevo pigmentario diseminado. Los tres comparten la presencia en piel de nevos pigmentarios planos, siendo éstos diferentes entre sí desde el punto de vista semiológico, constituyendo un importante signo diagnóstico. Se considera que existe un amplio espectro de enfermedades debidas a alteraciones de la cresta neural y con nevos pigmentarios, para las que se propone la denominación de neurocristopatías pigmentarias névicas

A Case of Multiple small cell carcinoma in Esophagus and Cardia / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Small cell carcinoma does originate from APUD cells of any parts of the body. Usually the cases discovered in the lung and have poor prognosis. In esophagus only about 100 cases are reported world widely after McKneown reports in 1952 and only 2 cases were reported in Korea. There was a cese of small cell carcinoma developed multiple lesions in esophagus but no reports said that small cell carcinoma developed syncronously in esophagus and other organs. We are to report a case that showed a multiple lesions in esophagus and cardia. The patient 60 yeata old man, has suffered from the substernal discomfort and significant weight loss for one month.

Tumor carcinoide-experiencia en 30 años / Carcinoid tumor - experience in 30 years

Se presentan 82 casos de tumor de carcinoide estudiados en el Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins del Instituto Peruano de Seguridad Social, en un período de 30 años. Se registra la localización más frecuente en el apéndice cecal, seguida de la del recto. El 28 por ciento de la serie fueron malignos. Histológicamente los tumores carcinoides son de difícil diferenciación entre benignos y malignos. Para tal objetivo de diferenciación se considera el tamaño de la neoplasia y su comportamiento invasivo. Los carcinoides benignos no presentaron una sintomatología atribuible directamente al tumor, a diferencia de los malignos que podían presentar el síndrome carcinoide con todos o muchos de sus síntomas característicos. En la mayoría de los casos el hallazgo de carcinoide fue casual después de realizadas apendicectomías, o polipectomías endoscópicas. Una tercera parte de los casos de la localización en el intestino delgado fueron multicéntricos. Los carcinoides son de crecimiento lento y el tratamiento quirúrgico es el indicado

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: report of a case

Infreqüentes relatos säo encontrados na literatura sobre um tumor peculiar à infância, geralmente localizado na maxila e distinto por sua estrutura microscópica e intensa pigmentaçäo. É apresentado um caso de tumor neuroectodérmico melanótico da infância, uma variedade rara de tumor congênito. O objetivo deste estudo é discutir a provável patogênese e a possível relaçäo com as neoplasias das células do sistema APUD